ORIGINAL SIN

By Edward Matulanya 

Original sin is a foundational concept in Catholic theology, referring to the state of human nature wounded by the first sin of Adam and Eve. It is not a personal sin committed by an individual but a condition inherited by all humans that inclines them toward sin (concupiscence).

1. Nature of Original Sin

Adam and Eve
Adam and Eve 

Inherited Condition; All human beings are born into a state affected by the disobedience of Adam and Eve (Catechism of the Catholic Church [CCC], 1993, para. 404).

Not Personal Guilt: Original sin is distinct from actual personal sins; it does not carry individual moral responsibility.

Loss of Sanctifying Grace; Human nature is deprived of the original grace and holiness intended by God, creating an inclination toward wrongdoing.

2. Consequences of Original Sin

According to the Catholic Church, original sin has several effects on human nature:

1. Separation from God. Humanity loses the intimate friendship with God that Adam and Eve originally enjoyed.

2. Disordered Passions. Humans experience concupiscence, the tendency to choose lesser goods or act selfishly.

3. Suffering and Death. Spiritual and physical consequences entered the world through original sin, including vulnerability to suffering and death (CCC, 1993, para. 405).

3. Remedy of Origin Sin Through Baptism

Jesus Babtism
Jesus Babtism

Baptism is the sacrament that removes the guilt of original sin and restores sanctifying grace (CCC, 1993, para. 405).

While baptism removes the stain of original sin, the inclination toward sin (concupiscence) remains, requiring ongoing cooperation with God’s grace throughout life.

4. Theological Significance of Origin Sin 

Original sin emphasizes the need for salvation and humanity’s dependence on God’s grace.

It explains why all humans are in need of Christ’s redemptive work and why the Church teaches the importance of baptism (CCC, 1993, para. 407).

References

Catechism of the Catholic Church. (1993). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_INDEX.HTM

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