LOVE IN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

Image of a Parish collect gifts for those in need
Image of a Parish collect gifts for those in need

By Edward Matulanya 

Explore the Catholic understanding of love, from God’s self-giving agape to family, friendship, and sacrificial love. Learn how Advent traditions inspire compassion, forgiveness, and service in everyday life.

1. What Catholic Teaching Says About the True Meaning of Love

In Catholic theology, love (charity) is the highest theological virtue. It means willing and doing the good of others, rooted in God’s own nature (Catechism of the Catholic Church [CCC], 1997). For example, Advent is a time for Catholics to practice intentional acts of kindness, prayer, and generosity as they prepare to welcome Christ.

2. The Four Types of Love in Catholic Tradition; Agape, Eros, Philia, and Storge

Catholic thinkers, drawing on Sacred Scripture and classical philosophy, often describe four loves; agape (self-giving love), eros (rightly ordered desire), philia (friendship), and storge (family affection) (Lewis, 1960). For example, families (storge) light Advent candles together, friends (philia) attend parish events, and charity toward the poor (agape) becomes a focus.

2.1 Agape; Selfless, Sacrificial Love

Agape is unconditional, self-giving love, modeled on God’s love for humanity (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1997). For example, donating to a parish charity during Advent or volunteering to help the elderly reflects agape.

2.2 Eros; Ordered Affection and Desire

Eros refers to love involving attraction or affection, morally good when respecting others’ dignity (Lewis, 1960). For example, married couples strengthening their bond through prayer or shared service during Advent.

2.3 Philia; Friendship and Brotherhood

Philia is the love between friends and community, emphasizing loyalty and trust (Lewis, 1960). For example, Parish groups organizing Advent services or caroling to support local charities.

2.4 Storge; Familial Love

Storge is natural familial love, foundational to the “domestic church” (John Paul II, 1981). For example, lighting the Advent wreath with family and reading Scripture together.

3. God’s Love as the Foundation of Catholic Life

Catholic teaching holds that God’s love is the reason for creation and salvation. God’s initiative of love makes human love possible (CCC, 1997). For example, Advent celebrates God’s decision to send Jesus out of love (Holy Bible, NRSVCE, 1989; John 3:16).

4. How Jesus Demonstrates Perfect Love in Catholic Theology

Jesus models perfect love through His teaching, compassion, and ultimate self-gift (Benedict XVI, 2005). For example, Advent readings highlight Jesus' mission to bring justice, healing, and peace.

5. The Role of the Holy Spirit in Forming a Loving Heart

The Holy Spirit forms believers in virtue; especially charity, patience, and generosity (Holy Bible, NRSVCE, Galatians 5:22–23). For example, Catholics pray for the Holy Spirit to prepare their hearts for Christ’s coming.

6. Catholic Understanding of Agape; Self-Giving and Sacrificial Love

Agape is the highest form of love, modeled on Christ’s self-giving. The Church teaches that charity is a participation in God’s own love (CCC, 1997). For example, Parishes collect gifts for those in need, reflecting agape.

7. Love and the Sacraments; How Grace Strengthens Relationships

Sacraments, especially the Eucharist, strengthen believers in charity by uniting them with Christ (CCC, 1997). For example, many Catholics attend extra Masses during Advent to deepen their love for God and others.

8. Catholic Teachings on Love in Marriage and Family Life

The Catholic family is called the “domestic church,” where love is practiced daily (John Paul II, 1981). For example, families pray with an Advent wreath and practice forgiveness to prepare spiritually for Christmas.

9. The Love Commandment; Love God and Love Your Neighbor

Jesus teaches that love of God and neighbor summarizes all moral law (Holy Bible, NRSVCE, Matthew 22:37–40). For example, Catholics show love for God through prayer and for neighbors through charitable acts.

10. How the Saints Lived Out Love in Extraordinary Ways

Saints embody Christian charity through service, prayer, and sacrifice (Warren, 2017). For example, Saint Nicholas’ charitable acts and Our Lady of Guadalupe’s compassion inspire Advent devotions.

11. Catholic Social Teaching; Love in Action Through Justice and Service

Catholic Social Teaching says love must be expressed through justice, mercy, and care for the vulnerable (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops [USCCB], 2018). For example, Parishes run food drives, support refugees, and encourage peace efforts.

12. Forgiveness and Mercy; Essential Expressions of Christian Love

Forgiveness reflects God’s mercy, and Catholics are called to imitate this (Holy Bible, NRSVCE, Luke 6:36). For example, many believers go to Confession to heal relationships before Christmas.

13. Why Catholic Love Is More Than Emotion? It’s a Choice and a Virtue

Catholic moral teaching views love as an act of the will, choosing good, patience, and kindness (Aquinas, 1947). For example, choosing to forgive, be patient, and make time for prayer reflects virtue-based love.

14. Practical Ways to Grow in Love According to Catholic Teaching

Catholics grow in love through prayer, Scripture, sacraments, and works of mercy (CCC, 1997). For example, Advent traditions like the O Antiphons, Jesse Tree, and extra prayer times foster deeper love.

15. Biblical Foundations of Love in Catholic Faith

The Bible teaches that God is love (Holy Bible, NRSVCE, 1 John 4:8) and that love is the greatest virtue (Holy Bible, NRSVCE, 1 Corinthians 13:13). For example, Advent Mass readings emphasize hope, love, and God’s saving plan through Jesus.

References

Aquinas, T. (1947). Summa theologica (Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Trans.). Benziger Brothers.

Benedict XVI. (2005). Deus caritas est [God is love]. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.

Catechism of the Catholic Church. (1997). Libreria Editrice Vaticana.

Holy Bible, New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition. (1989). National Council of Churches.

John Paul II. (1981). Familiaris consortio [The role of the Christian family in the modern world]. Libreria Editrice Vaticana.

Lewis, C. S. (1960). The four loves. Harcourt.

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. (2018). Catholic social teaching themes. USCCB.

Warren, G. (2017). The saints’ guide to virtue. Pauline Books & Media.

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